4/19/2023 0 Comments Flexor synergy pattern![]() ![]() The motor module combined with the other modules represents the merged motor module. ![]() In patients with hemiparesis, the motor module related to propulsion in the late stance during gait is combined with the other module that is related to the body support during weight acceptance, the deceleration of the leg at the end of the swing, and propulsion in the early stance. Muscle activity has been demonstrated to result in impaired muscle coordination during gait for these patients, which indicates a less complex motor module due to an abnormal synergy pattern. An abnormal synergy pattern is one of the motor impairments that affects a patient following a stroke, and is coupled with joint movement due to difficulty in gaining independent control over certain muscle groups. There are five modules during gait: (1) hip and knee extensors in early stance (2) ankle plantar flexors in late stance (3) tibialis anterior and rectus femoris in swing (4) hamstrings in late swing and early stance (5) hip flexors in pre- and early swing. The motor modules can be identified using the non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF) results from surface electromyography (EMG) signals. Muscle activities during gait in healthy controls are grouped into motor modules. Therefore, forward propulsion and spatiotemporal parameters are essential gait parameters for walking ability and primary targets of post-stroke gait rehabilitation in patients with hemiparesis. In addition, previous studies have suggested that a reduced walking speed and 6 min walking distance are related to forward propulsion, step length asymmetry (i.e., longer step length on the paretic side (PS)), and temporal asymmetry (i.e., shorter single stance time on the PS) in patients with hemiparesis during gait. Many studies have demonstrated that for patients with hemiparesis, decreased community ambulation is related to deficits in gait speed, 6 min walking distance, and the energy cost of walking. However, community ambulation can be restricted by an impaired walking ability after a stroke. Community ambulation is generally associated with quality of life and depression. ![]() The index of kinetic interjoint coordination would be a useful tool for robotic-based systems for effective rehabilitation, which would significantly contribute to the acceleration of collaborative research in the fields of engineering and rehabilitation medicine.įor most patients with hemiparesis, community ambulation is an important and essential ability. The results demonstrated that the first motor module comprising hip and ankle joint moments on the paretic side during gait in patients with hemiparesis may be merged with knee joint flexion or the extension moment, and may have an atypical temporal component. The loading of the knee joint moment for the first PC on the paretic side was significantly lower than that on the non-paretic side ( p < 0.05), which was highly variable with negative and positive values. As the results of comparisons between the patients and controls showed, the peak timing of the first PC, which had high loadings of hip and ankle joint moments on the paretic side, was significantly earlier than that on the other sides. We adopted a case–control study design to clarify the kinetic interjoint coordination characteristics during gait in patients with hemiplegia. The spatiotemporal principal components (PCs) of the hip, knee, and ankle joint moments were calculated using a PCA and the motor modules during gait were identified. Using a three-dimensional motion analysis system and force plates, the kinematic and kinetic data from 29 patients with hemiparesis and 12 healthy controls were measured when they walked along a 7 m walkway. This study clarifies the characteristics of kinetic interjoint coordination in the lower limbs using a principal component analysis (PCA). The coordination of joint moments in the same limb-otherwise known as kinetic interjoint coordination-during gait in patients with hemiparesis remains unclear. ![]()
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